What is the Balinski and Young Theorem?
Balinski–Young theorem It avoids violations of the quota rule: Each of the parties gets one of the two numbers closest to its fair share of seats. For example, if a party’s fair share is 7.34 seats, it must get either 7 or 8 seats to avoid a violation; any other number will violate the rule.
What is the new states paradox?
The New State Paradox states that adding a new entity to the population as well as a fair number of additional seats to accommodate the new entity can still impact the existing entities’ numbers. This paradox was found in 1907 when Oklahoma was added to the Union.
Which apportionment method may produce the Alabama paradox?
The chief clerk of the U.S. Census Office used Hamilton’s Method of apportionment. When one seat was added to the House in order to have 300 seats, Alabama went from 8 seats to 7 seats. This was the first time this paradoxical behavior was observed in Congressional apportionment; it is called the Alabama paradox.
What is the Quota Rule in apportionment?
It states that the number of seats that should be allocated to a given party should be between the upper or lower roundings (called upper and lower quotas) of its fractional proportional share (called natural quota).
What is Jefferson’s method?
The Jefferson Method avoids the problem of an apportionment resulting in a surplus or a deficit of House seats by using a divisor that will result in the correct number of seats being apportioned. For example: If a country had 4 states, and a 20-seat House of Representatives… 2560 + 3315 + 995 + 5012 = 11882.
What is the Hamilton method of apportionment?
Hamilton’s Method of apportionment says that apportionment must start by assigning each state with its Lower Quota. If there are seats left over, assign those seats one at a time based on the descending order of fractional parts of each state’s Standard Quota.
What is the difference between the Hamilton and Jefferson method?
The first steps of Jefferson’s method are the same as Hamilton’s method. He finds the same divisor and the same quota, and cuts off the decimal parts in the same way, giving a total number of representatives that is less than the required total. The difference is in how Jefferson resolves that difference.
What is Jefferson voting method?
Jefferson’s method uses a quota (called a divisor), as in the largest remainder method. The divisor is chosen as necessary so that the resulting quotients, disregarding any fractional remainders, sum to the required total; in other words, pick a number so that there is no need to examine the remainders.
What is the difference between Hamilton plan and Jefferson plan?
Hamilton’s economic plan hinged on the promotion of manufactures and commerce. While Hamilton distrusted popular will and believed that the federal government should wield considerable power in order steer a successful course, Jefferson placed his trust in the people as governors.
What’s Step 2 of the Hamilton’s method?
Step 2. Give to each state its lower quota. Step 3. Give the surplus seats to the state with the largest fractional parts until there are no more surplus seats.
What is the Jefferson’s method?
The Jefferson Method avoids the problem of an apportionment resulting in a surplus or a deficit of House seats by using a divisor that will result in the correct number of seats being apportioned.