What is NBS-LRR?
Defense response by NBS-LRR protein is a sophisticated strategy that induces effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The NBS-LRR proteins comprised of amino-terminal variable domain, a central nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and carboxy-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domain.
What is NBS in biology?
NBS-LRR proteins are some of the largest proteins known in plants, ranging from about 860 to about 1,900 amino acids. They have at least four distinct domains joined by linker regions: a variable amino-terminal domain, the NBS domain, the LRR region, and variable carboxy-terminal domains (Figure 1).
What is nucleotide-binding site?
This subsection of the Function section describes a region in the protein which binds nucleotide phosphates. It always involves more than one amino acid and includes all residues involved in nucleotide-binding. Isolated residues that bind nucleotides are shown as ‘Binding site’.
What are R proteins?
The R protein guards another protein that detects degradation by an Avr gene (see Guard Hypothesis). The R protein may detect a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern or PAMP (alternatively called MAMP for microbe-associated molecular pattern). The R protein encodes enzyme that degrades a toxin produced by a pathogen.
What is NB LRR proteins?
Plant NBS-LRR proteins (also called NB-LRR or NB-ARC-LRR proteins) can be categorized into TIR and non-TIR classes based on the identity of the sequences that precede the NBS domain. The TIR class of plant NBS-LRR proteins contains an amino-terminal domain with homology to the Toll and interleukin 1 receptors.
What nucleotide-binding site is present on actin?
Two diametrically opposed clefts separate the two large domains of actin. The larger cleft, between subdomains 2 and 4, constitutes the nucleotide-binding site, whereas the smaller cleft, between subdomains 1 and 3, mediates the interactions of actin with most ABPs (Fig.
What is in the nucleotide?
A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA).
What is Avirulence gene?
Avirulence (Avr) genes exist in many fungi that share a gene-for-gene relationship with their host plant. They represent unique genetic determinants that prevent fungi from causing disease on plants that possess matching resistance (R) genes.
What is the actin-binding domain?
Actin-binding proteins (also known as ABPs) are proteins that bind to actin. This may mean ability to bind actin monomers, or polymers, or both. Many actin-binding proteins, including α-actinin, β-spectrin, dystrophin, utrophin and fimbrin, do this through the actin-binding calponin homology domain.
What are the binding sites on actin?
Two diametrically opposed clefts separate the two large domains of actin. The larger cleft, between subdomains 2 and 4, constitutes the nucleotide-binding site, whereas the smaller cleft, between subdomains 1 and 3, mediates the interactions of actin with most ABPs (Fig. 1B).
What are these 4 nucleotides?
Because there are four naturally occurring nitrogenous bases, there are four different types of DNA nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).