What are the steps of translation in prokaryotes?
Steps in translation:
- Activation of aminoacids: The activation of aminoacids take place in cytosol. The activation of aminoacids is catalyzed by their aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
- Initiation:
- Elongation: i.
- Termination: The peptide bond formation and elongation of polypeptide continues until stop codon appear on A-site.
What is the process of transcription in prokaryotes?
Prokaryotic transcription also known as bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) which is later translated to produce proteins with the use of the enzyme RNA polymerase and other transcription factors.
Is the process of translation same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Translation is a universal process occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The fundamental process of translation is same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Members of both groups uses information present in mRNA, which is came from the DNA by transcription, to synthesize proteins with ribosome as the machinery.
Why is transcription and translation coupled in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?
In eukaryotic m-RNA has to be processed (splicing) before it become active. Since RNA is synthesised inside the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm, coupling of transcription and translation is not possible.
How does translation stop in prokaryotes?
Termination of translation occurs when a nonsense codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is encountered. Upon aligning with the A site, these nonsense codons are recognized by protein release factors that resemble tRNAs.
How does transcription end in prokaryotes?
Elongation and Termination in Prokaryotes. Transcription elongation begins with the release of the polymerase σ subunit and terminates via the rho protein or via a stable hairpin.
How does transcription stop in prokaryotes?
Transcription termination in prokaryotes can be rho-independent (intrinsic terminators exist in the RNA polymerase) and rho-dependent, i.e., the RNA polymerase requires the cofactor rho for termination of transcription. The terminator regions in various systems have similar structures.
How is the process of Transcription in Prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes while it occurs in the cytoplasm in the prokaryotes. RNA processing is required in eukaryotes as its structural gene is monocistronic whereas it is not required in prokaryotes because its structural gene is polycistronic in nature.
Where does prokaryotic translation occur?
cytoplasm
Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm alongside translation. Prokaryotic transcription and translation can occur simultaneously. This is impossible in eukaryotes, where transcription occurs in a membrane-bound nucleus while translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
Where does translation happen in prokaryotic cells?
(a) In prokaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, allowing for a rapid cellular response to an environmental cue.
How does the termination occur in prokaryotes What are the stop codons in prokaryotes?
A Mechanism of Termination Translation termination occurs when the ribosome encounters a stop codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA) in the A site. Stop codons in bacteria are recognized by RF1 and RF2: RF1 recognizes UAG and UAA codons, whereas RF2 recognizes UGA and UAA.